Based on the connotation of the high quality development of real economy from the perspective of result-process-prospect, an index system with six subsystems is constructed, including economic efficiency, green ecology, innovation-driven, structural status, open environment and market vitality, which involve six dimensions, including efficiency, green, innovation, structure, openness and vitality. Then, entropy weight TOPSIS method is used to calculate the high-quality development index of real economy for 13 prefecture-level cities in Jiangsu province from 2009 to 2019, and the differences among regions are analyzed. The results show that the high quality development level of real economy in Jiangsu province presents a U-shaped curve, the top five cities are located in southern Jiangsu, and the bottom five cities are located in northern Jiangsu. In addition, there are significant internal differences in the quality development level of real economy. The total, inter-group and intra-group difference curves show a periodic fluctuation of 3 to 5 years, and the difference in southern Jiangsu is much higher than that in central and northern Jiangsu.