Through selecting elements in the urban and rural system, the coupling degree and coupling coordination of the transformation of industry, land and population in the six central provinces in 2010, 2015 and 2018 is calculated, and each element and its coupling degree and coupling coordination of his two elements is calculated.The problems and characteristics of the collaborative evolution of industry, land and population in the transformation of urban and rural non-agricultural are studied. The results show that the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of industry, land and population non-agricultural transformation increase with time.The coupling degree and coupling coordination degree of "population industry" non-agricultural transformation in six provinces of central China are relatively high.The coordinated evolution of "land population" and "industry land" transformation is basically synchronous, and the coordination degree of industry, land and population non-agricultural transformation needs to be improved.Economic development and optimization of land distribution between urban and rural areas should be taken as the main driving force to promote the urbanization process. For different regions, targeted economic development and urbanization should be carried out, especially from a scientific point of view Carry out analysis and positioning, develop suitable industries according to local resources and geographical conditions, so that economic development and urbanization can achieve two goals with one stone, and the transformation of industry, land and population is also consistent.