Innovation is the main driving force for high-quality economic development. It is an effective way to achieve high-quality development to build science and innovation belts with urban agglomerations as nodes and improve regional innovation capacity. Based on the theory of innovation factor agglomeration, the organizational structure of innovation factor agglomeration is analyzed , the characteristics of typical science and innovation belt construction at home and abroad are compared, and the construction path of science and innovation belt in the Yangtze River Delta Region is discussed . The results show that the agglomeration of innovation factors can be essentially summed up as the agglomeration of innovation funds and innovation talents, showing a "1+4" structure. The science and technology innovation belt is an effective organizational form to realize the collaborative agglomeration of innovation factors. The findings provide a theoretical framework for evaluating the effect of science and innovation belt construction.