The four representative cities from 2006 to 2020 China agriculture "three rates" data characteristics and its change trend is analyzed. Based on the analysis of panel data, the four cities urban modern agriculture input and output is studied, the various influence factors of the added value of production is explored. The results show that labor productivity, utilization rate of agricultural water resources and utilization rate of capital have significant positive effects on land yield, while the number of people working in primary production, total financial expenditure of agriculture, forestry and water resources and sown area of crops have significant effects on the added value of primary production. Utilization rate of agricultural energy has no significant effect on land yield. The total consumption of agricultural water resources and the total energy consumption of primary production had no significant effect on the added value of primary production. The production scale of urban modern agriculture in the four regions is small, and the degree of popularization and use of agricultural machinery is low. It is necessary to improve land circulation, form large-scale agricultural production, and provide supporting teaching services for agricultural machinery, so as to improve the output of urban modern agriculture.