It is great importance to improve the ecological carrying capacity of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone in Hunan Province and maintain ecological security. Spatial morphology method (MSPA), ecosystem service importance assessment and circuit theory model were used to identify key areas of ecological conservation and restoration. The results showed thatthere were 17742.35km2 of ecological source area, 121 corridors, 579.73km long. There were 42 consensus spots and 29 obstacle spots in key areas of ecological restoration, and the area of low value of ecosystem services was 4044.46km2. Based on the ecological status of the key areas of ecological protection and restoration, the targeted ecological protection and restoration strategies were formulated to provide theoretical basis for the ecological protection and restoration work in the study area.