Taking the Yangtze River Delta as an example, the LMDI model and M-R model were used to decompose the driving factors of household electricity consumption differences in the Yangtze River Delta from 2009 to 2019 into population size effect, population urbanization effect, household size effect and electricity consumption intensity effect from the perspective of time and space. The results show that power consumption intensity, household size and population size are the factors that promote the increase of residents' electricity consumption in the Yangtze River Delta, and power consumption intensity is the most important role, while population urbanization inhibits the increase of electricity consumption. Population size is the key driving factor that causes the spatial difference between Shanghai and Jiangsu. The spatial difference in Zhejiang mainly comes from the higher electricity intensity in rural areas, while that in Anhui is due to the lower electricity intensity in rural areas. Reducing electricity intensity in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, improving urbanization and rural electricity intensity in Anhui, and developing and using green building materials and smart appliances are the key paths to control the growth of household electricity consumption and narrow the spatial differences in the Yangtze River Delta.