In order to support the rational layout of medical emergency material reserves in each city in Anhui Province, from the perspective of social network analysis, an improved gravity model is used to build a gravity model of medical emergency material reserves, which comprehensively considers four indicators including traffic accessibility, material matching, emergency response speed and supply-demand balance. The gravity network results are visualized through ucinet6.0 software. Based on this, it is analyzed and proposed to build a primary reserve with Hefei as the core .The spatial layout of secondary reserves supplemented by Wuhu, Chuzhou, Anqing, Fuyang and Huainan and other cities with tertiary reserves. The purpose is to improve the overall efficiency of medical emergency material reserve in Anhui Province under public health emergencies and provide suggestions for optimizing the emergency capacity in the region.