Based on the panel data of 24 listed companies of new energy vehicles from 2015 to 2019, DEA method is used to calculate the technological innovation efficiency of listed companies of new energy vehicles, and the correlation between ownership structure and technological innovation efficiency is discussed. The results show that the overall technological innovation efficiency of NEV enterprises is low, and it is mainly caused by the low pure technological efficiency. Ownership structure has a significant impact on technological innovation efficiency, and it has a greater impact on the main vehicle manufacturing business, state-owned holding and eastern enterprises. Based on this, it is suggested to pay attention to the impact of ownership structure on the technological innovation efficiency, continuously improve the ownership structure of listed companies, and vigorously improve the efficiency of technological innovation.