Optimizing the industrial structure of a city can promote its economic development. Based on the GDP and industrial output value of Sichuan Province, Luzhou City and southern Sichuan urban agglomeration from 2014 to 2018, a deviation share analysis on the industrial structure of Luzhou city is done. The results show that the economic development trend of Luzhou is good and exceeds the average level of Sichuan Province and southern Sichuan urban agglomeration，but the development of industrial structure is unbalanced. The competitive advantage of the primary industry is weak and its contribution to GDP is not prominent. Although the secondary industry accounts for a large proportion, its competitiveness is weak.The tertiary industry is developing well and has made a lot of contributions to economic growth, but there is still improvement room compared with the urban agglomeration in southern Sichuan. Therefore, Luzhou should focus on the primary industry, accelerate the strategic adjustment of the secondary industry structure, and consolidate the development achievements of the tertiary industry. At the same time, Luzhou should integrate into the Chengdu Chongqing economic circle in an all-round way, improve the quality of economic development, and strive to build an emerging power source to help the regional central city in the new era.