Shewhart control chart is widely used in asphalt pavement construction for production quality control.Combined with the sample test data of the actual production process, the cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart and the mean control chart and variance control chart in the Shewhart control chart are carried out comparative analysis shows that the Shewhart control chart has a significant effect on the instantaneous large mean value caused by abnormal fluctuations, but it is less effective in detecting continuous small deviations; while the cumulative sum control chart is effective for continuous small deviations. The shift detection power is stronger, but it cannot effectively detect the non-persistent shift. Based on the above conclusions, considering the joint application of these two control charts for monitoring and analysis in the process of asphalt pavement construction quality control, combining the advantages of the two control charts, the detection effect is significantly better than one of them, and the asphalt pavement can find abnormal fluctuations in the production process as soon as possible.