Based on the panel data of 30 provinces, regions and cities in China from 2010 to 2019, the impact of local government debt on the urbanization imbalance between people and land is tested using the spatial Dubin model. The results show that the imbalance of urbanization between people and land has spatial spillover effect, the increase of local government debt has aggravated the imbalance of urbanization between people and land. In the view of sub-region, compared with the eastern region, the positive effect of Local Government debt on the urbanization imbalance of Midwestern Sectional Figure Skating Championships is more prominent. Based on this, the suggestions of deepening the reform of local government performance appraisal system and strengthening the management of local debt expenditure structure are put forward.