With the accelerating process of rural modernization, the problem of rural human settlements has become increasingly prominent. The deterioration of rural human settlements has seriously restricted the development of rural urbanization. Rural residents are the main subject of rural raw waste treatment. Only when rural residents improve their awareness of environmental protection they would have more positive pro- environmental will and behavior. Using the integration framework of planned behavior theory and normative activation theory, structural equation model analysis method is used. The results show that rural residents' pro- environmental attitude, perceived behavior control, subjective norms and personal norms have a positive impact on rural residents' pro-environmental willingness in domestic waste treatment. Consequence consciousness and responsibility attribution have a positive impact on personal norms. Pro-environmental willingness has a positive impact on pro-environmental behavior. Relevant countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to improve the pro environmental willingness and behavior of rural residents in domestic waste treatment.