The bus station planning in the early only considered the functional requirements, which was out of touch with the surrounding traffic organization planning in early stage. Therefore, the existing bus stations in the city basically face problems such as unbalanced space-time layout and lagging construction, which restrict the development of public transportation. It is necessary to consider the quantitative analysis of the distribution characteristics of supply and demand of bus stations, so as to provide decision-making basis for the layout optimization of bus stations. Based on the grid data model, the improved weighted kernel density estimation method is used to establish the probability density estimation models of station demand and supply, respectively. Then, based on the multi-layer grid data superposition analysis method, the grid layer of station demand and supply is superimposed and analyzed, and the grid estimation model that analyzes the distribution characteristics of station supply and demand is constructed. Finally, taking Shenzhen as an application case, the constructed supply and demand distribution model is used to quantitatively and visually analyze the supply and demand distribution characteristics of public transport stations in Shenzhen, showing the coverage area and distribution of public transport stations in Shenzhen, and verifying the effectiveness and applicability of the model.