Based on social ecosystems theory, postgraduates’ data literacy and its influencing factors in the field of science and technology are analyzed from the perspective of individual and school. The results reveal that students’ data literacy is good with better awareness and ethics ，while with worse skills ,such as acquisition,analysis, storage and presentation.Besides, individual’s grade, learning attitude, academic communication, learning experience, universities’ teaching and training have positive effects on data literacy. Therefore, suggestions are put forward as the following: students should enhance their understanding of data literacy and improve their initiative in learning data skills; school should provide multi-level and diversified data literacy education according to the different demands of teaching objects.