Based on the time series data of Liaoning Province from 2008 to 2018, an empirical analysis on the relationship between industrial structure optimization and economic growth from the perspectives of industrial structure upgrading and industrial structure rationalization was made by using the measurement method of 3SLS. The research conclusion are as follows: the impact of the upgrading of industrial structure and the rationalization of industrial structure on the economic growth of Liaoning Province is obviously positive, and compared with the upgrading of industrial structure, the pulling effect of the rationalization of industrial structure is more obvious.