Track vector is an important parameter to describe the motion state of aircraft, which plays a very important role in navigation calculation and air traffic management. It is a basic method to calculate the track vector based on the longitude and latitude coordinates of aircraft. The calculation formula provided by MATLAB regards the earth as a sphere, which leads to low calculation accuracy. A track vector algorithm based on latitude and longitude is proposed, and the flight parameters of the Sesner 172R aircraft are checked according to the aircraft model. The results show that the algorithm has high accuracy and simple calculation, and can be used for aircraft monitoring, navigation operations and air traffic management services.