In the process of building a socialist economy with characteristics in the new era, the innovation drive of government-industry-university-research coupling is crucial to endogenous growth and high-quality development. Through the analysis of the internal coupling mechanism and evolution characteristics of the government-industry-university-research research system in the innovation-driven system, it is found that government R&D investment has effectively mobilized basic research in universities and provided topological support for industrial innovation and technological upgrading. The problems of structural imbalance, low coupling efficiency and unequal distribution of rights have severely restricted the innovation-driven efficiency of government-industry-university-research institutes. Therefore, it is proposed that government guidance should be strengthened, the direction of R&D funding should be improved, basic research and technological research and development of universities should be encouraged, a fair and reasonable policy and regulation system should be established, independent innovation of enterprises and the enthusiasm of participating in domestic and foreign market competition should be stimulated, and a reasonable The risk-sharing and benefit-sharing mechanism will narrow the game space between explicit returns and hidden expenditures, and drive the construction of an innovative country through the coupling of government-industry-university-research systems.