Industrial structure plays an important role in economic growth. By using the method of factor analysis and taking the other five provinces in Central China as the reference object, makes a comprehensive evaluation on the industrial structure of Henan Province in 2019 from four aspects: rationality of industrial structure, basic competitiveness, efficiency and height. The results show that the industrial structure of Henan Province is relatively backward. At the same time, this paper analyzes the relationship between the three industries and economic growth in Henan Province from 2000 to 2019 by using the method of grey correlation analysis. In terms of the correlation degree, the second industry has the greatest correlation with economic growth, followed by the third industry. Finally, the paper puts forward some suggestions on the optimization of industrial structure.