Guizhou province's unique dual hydrologic structure of surface water and groundwater, as well as the typical Karst mountainous and hilly landform area, cause extremely fragile agricultural ecological environment, and are prone to agricultural disasters caused by meteorological factors, leading to agricultural production reduction.The use of the revised Penman Monteith formula for estimation of guizhou province in 2000—2017 in 31 meteorological site reference crop evapotranspiration capacity(ET0), ArcGIS inverse distance weighted interpolation method was used to study the vegetation growing season reference crop evapotranspiration in guizhou space distribution characteristics, using Matlab software to raster data amount of reference crop evapotranspiration monadic linear regression and significance test, to explore the trend of the reference crop evapotranspiration quantity in Guizhou characteristics;On this basis, principal component analysis was used to study the main factors affecting the evapotranspiration of reference crops in Guizhou province.The results show that :① ET0 distribution in guizhou province is higher in the southeast than in the northwest, and lower in karst areas than in non-karst areas;The area of Bijie, Anshun, Guiyang and the northern part of Southern Guizhou are the lowest ET0 regions.② The ET0 of high-altitude areas did not increase or decrease sharply, while that of low-altitude areas increased or decreased sharply in different years.③The predominant meteorological factors affecting ET0 in Guizhou province are temperature, wind speed and precipitation.