Based on China's trade import and export data from 2000 to 2018, a comparative analysis of service trade and merchandise trade is carried out, and the characteristics of changes in the structure of China's service trade are studied from the perspectives of import and export, and comparative analysis with developed countries in service trade. The results show that: China's service trade accounts for a relatively low proportion of overall trade, and the service trade deficit continues to expand. China's service trade export structure is gradually optimized, while the service trade import structure shows a polarized and unbalanced development trend. Traditional service trade such as transportation and tourism still occupies the main part. In view of this, China should attach great importance to the fundamental role of the development of the domestic service industry in service trade, optimize the structure of the service trade industry, steadily enhance the international competitiveness of service trade, and expand the new space for service trade cooperation.