National key ecological functional areas are sensitive areas related to the national ecological and environmental security, in which demographic factors are key factors for economic and social development. Takes the national key ecological function area as the scope of study, and the counties in the region as the unit of analysis, and analyzes the data from 2007-2018.The results show that the population growth rate, population urbanization level, per capita GDP, per capita fiscal income and per capita education level in the key ecological function area are significantly lower than the national average; the population is mainly distributed in the central and western regions, and the minority population is high The region is a net emigration zone, with a low proportion of the population in the labor force. The total population of the region is not conducive to ecological and environmental protection, the level of urban development is low, the proportion of migrant farmers is large, the agricultural population is not strongly willing to migrate, the quality of the workforce is low, and there are many poor people in the region. Finally, countermeasures and suggestions are made for the development of population in key ecological functional areas, which will provide reference and reference for the balanced development of regional population.