At present, most of the working principles of the existing detectors are to receive electromagnetic wave signals through the excitation of electric field source. The distribution of electric field and magnetic field is the theoretical premise of structural design. Therefore, the function and influence of electrical distribution parameters and underground pipelines in detection technology were analyzed. A mathematical model was established to analyze the relationship between current carrying conductor and surrounding environmental electrical parameters, and the spatial three-dimensional vector magnetic field intensity distribution was adopted. The model of the coil and the structure design of the receiver in two-dimensional space were designed. In view of the imbalance of the distribution of the magnetic field strength, a new structure was put forward to compensate the imbalance with the mathematical model as the theoretical basis, so as to further improve the positioning accuracy.