The paper selects the population statistical data from 2010 to 2017 in Handan city. And the analyses the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics discussed with the index of population distribution structure, gravity center of population, population density and spatial autocorrelation methods, combined with GIS, Geoda and regression analysis. The results show that the population distribution is not balanced, but the situation is gradually weakened; The population gravity center is located at the junction of Handan District and Feixiang District, which deviates from the geometric center and moves from north to south; The regional difference of population density of Handan city is obvious, which is lower in the west and higher in the east, and the population distribution density model conforming to cubic function; The population gathers to the urban area, but the spatial correlation of many places is weak. The temporal and spatial evolution of population in Handan city is mainly influenced by the city planning and policy.