The different historical stages of free trade and trade protection have shown impacts on the ecological environment. There are also signs of trade at different stages of ecological and environmental impacts. The wave of trade liberalization brought by globalization has exacerbated the deterioration of the ecological environment. Therefore, taking the road of high-quality development is an inevitable choice to promote the harmonious coexistence of international trade and the ecological environment. Developing countries can only avoid the negative consequences of ecological colonization only by enhancing technological innovation, improving their corporate management, and other means to enhance trade competitiveness and commit to participating in the formulation of international rules.