A fixed-effect model is constructed based on provincial panel data from 2005 to 2016. The research results show that independent innovation, technology introduction, and imitation innovation at the national level have a significant positive impact on manufacturing upgrades. The eastern region has the greatest impact, and the technology introduction in the central region has a small effect on manufacturing upgrades. The technology introduction in the western region has a negative impact on manufacturing upgrades and the impact of imitation innovation on manufacturing upgrades is not significant. At the same time, corresponding policy recommendations are made according to the situation in different regions.