Aiming at the problem of the location of urban domestic garbage facilities with contradictions, the immune optimization algorithm was designed to solve the problem. The sum of the product of the amount of urban domestic waste treatment facilities and the demand point and the distance value was the smallest and the life at the demand point was proposed. An optimization model is established for the target when the garbage is not processed. The model solves both the location of the municipal solid waste treatment facility and the distribution of waste at the demand point. Finally, the location problem of urban domestic waste treatment facilities in Shanghai is verified as an example, which proves the feasibility of the model and the effectiveness of the algorithm.