Transportation system is related to national economy and people's livelihood, social stability and sustainable development, and is vulnerable to various natural and human factors. Improving the resilience of the transportation system is the basis and prerequisite for the coordinated, healthy and sustainable development of the urban economy, society and environment. It is of great theoretical significance for the study of resilient cities in China to find the transportation system’s resilient evaluation methods and improvement measures suitable for China's national conditions. This paper, through the review and classification of relevant international literatures on the resilience of the transport system, expounds the conceptual origin of resilience and the transformation of the perspective of resilience theory, and then explains the different scholars' concept research on the resilience of transportation system. On this basis, the paper summarizes the quantitative evaluation methods of the research on the resilience of the transportation system, and based on this, from different perspectives, it pays attention to the research of resilience improvement measures by experts and scholars. This paper is in order to provide ideas and reference for relevant researchers.