Small and medium-sized private enterprises participating in the military production have become a important way to facilitate the in-depth civil-military integration. Based on the analysis of the problems showed in the process of private enterprises participating in the military production, the paper establishes a model of influence of collaborative innovation on the competitive advantage of private enterprises participating in the military production, analyzes the synergic relationship between private enterprises and other objects. And then carries on the analysis of cooperative mechanism and competitive advantage effect.