To explore the difference of threshold distance and economic distance spatial weight matrix on accurately revealing the agglomeration characteristics and causes of industrial SO2 emission, this paper uses exploratory spatial data analysis and spatial econometric model to investigate the geographical concentration and influencing factors of the total amount and intensity of industrial SO2 emission based on the industrial pollution data of the Central China (80 cities) in 2015. The main conclusions are as follows:①The spatial autocorrelation of industrial SO2 emission which uses economic distance spatial weight matrix is more pronounced and accurate.②The intensity of industrial SO2 emission in the central region in 2015 has a significant global autocorrelation feature; the high-high and low-low agglomeration areas have obvious differences between North and South.③Under the two different spatial weight matrixes, the improvement of economic development level, population size, and industrialization level will help reduce the intensity of industrial SO2 pollution, and the increase in energy intensity will increase the intensity of pollution.