On the basis of previous studies, the paper establishes the evaluation index system of science and technology innovation ability of Henan Province. Factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to compare the science and technology innovation ability of Henan province with 28 provinces and municipalities. Through empirical analysis, it is found that the science and technology innovation ability of Henan province is at a moderate level in China. And there are many problems such as insufficient investment in science and technology innovation, weak bearing capacity, less output, and lack of science and technology innovation diffusion in Henan Province. On this basis, the paper puts forward some strategies, such as increasing investment in science and technology innovation, combining opening up and independent innovation, and establishing an enterprise led innovation system.