Under the new situation of our country’s economic growth slowing down and the industrial structure getting optimized and upgraded, the railway freight volume also fluctuates with macroeconomics. This paper focuses on the macroeconomics combined with the impact of the national economy on the social total cargo volume, analyzes the influence of both the national industrial structure adjustment and the government’s policy on the freight transportation is also taken into consideration. According to freight market variety, enrich operation index of railway freight volume. Putting forward the reform of the railway operation freight strategy, and in order from the multi-dimensional angle more common research prospect of the development of railway freight.