This paper studies the status quo of the industrial structure of Tianjin by using the location quotient method in the background of the "one belt one way" strategy, and makes a further analysis of the major industries and industrial subdivision industries in Tianjin by using the dynamic shift-share model. The study shows that the proportion of the secondary industry is declining, and the proportion of the tertiary industry is increasing year by year and gradually provides important impetus for the economic development of Tianjin. The competitive advantage of accommodation and catering industry and financial industry is more prominent, but the competitive advantages of traffic, post and telecommunications and tourism and construction industry are not obvious. Based on the above research, this paper puts forward suggestions on how to achieve the adjustment of industrial structure: the primary industry should focus on the development of ecological agriculture; the secondary industry should adhere to the intelligent and green for the direction of transformation; the tertiary industry should upgrade the transformation by the improvement of the financial system, the level of opening up and the logistics system.