The innovation-driven ability is the core of innovation-driven strategy, It is very important to find out the key factor of restricting innovation-driven ability. This paper constructed the evaluation index system of innovation-driven ability to analyze innovation ability of every provinces in 2015 with Entropy Method, and the paper determine the key factor of restricting innovation-driven ability of areas by RS conditional information entropy on the basis of evaluation results, which can provide decision-making references for promoting regional innovation-driven ability. This paper take Henan province as an example for empirical study, analysis the key factor of restricting innovation-driven ability of Henan province, provide decision-making references for promoting innovation-driven ability of Henan province.