There are 3 866 ancient and famous trees in Taiyuan, belonging to 30 families, 52 genera and 62 species, mainly Zizyphus jujuba, Sophora japonica, Platycladus orientalis, Pinus tabulaeformis and other native species. Through the analysis of nuclear density, it is found that 9 regions with higher estimated nuclear density are formed in the central and eastern regions of Taiyuan. The main gathering areas of jujube, Chinese sophora, platycypress and Pinus tabulatus, which have the largest number of ancient and famous trees, are located in the central, eastern and southern, southern, central and northeastern regions of Taiyuan respectively. Based on historical documents, the historical and cultural values of these four major tree species are expounded from the perspectives of folk customs, religious beliefs and ancient city history.