Constructing a hypothetical model for the influencing factors of online deep learning among vocational college students, and structural equation model was used for model validation. It is found that: vocational college students majoring in agriculture are at a moderate level in online deep learning, and there is still significant room for improvement, with significant differences in gender and grade levels. Online deep learning of vocational college students majoring in agriculture is influenced by factors such as student, teacher, interaction, and environmental factors, among them, student and teacher factors are the main factors, while interaction and environmental factors are secondary factors. It is suggested to improve the online deep learning level of vocational college students majoring in agriculture from four aspects: students, teachers, interaction, and environment.