Natural disasters and other emergencies caused by climate change and rapid urbanization occur from time to time. In order to mitigate the consequences or losses caused by these emergencies, it is necessary to build an effective emergency management system and emergency materials reserve. Aiming at the layout and construction of the important emergency material storage in Jiangxi Province, the layout of several provincial-level regional emergency material storages was studied by means of planning layout and optimizing layout. The results show that the optimal layout and optimal service assignment scheme of provincial-level regional emergency material storages in Jiangxi Province can effectively reduce the average service distance and the farthest service distance, and improve the balance and accessibility of emergency services.