Under the background of accelerating realization of Scientific and Technological Self-reliance, promoting the breakthrough of key core technologies and winning the battle of key core technologies have become the focus of attention of all sectors of society. Focusing on the “bottleneck” problem of key core technologies in high-tech industries, the identification mechanism of key core technologies was studied, based on the method of technology foresight. Taking the AI chip industry as an example, the case study of key core technology identification was conducted. Finally, the breakthrough path of key core technologies in high-tech industries is proposed providing theoretical support for improving the autonomous and controllable ability of Chinese high-tech industries, as well as improving the status and competitiveness of Chinese high-tech industries in international competition.