The modernization of social governance capacity is an important part of the modernization of national governance capacity, and promoting the modernization of social governance capacity is an inevitable requirement for solving various social problems and realizing the modernization of regional national governance. By combing the relevant theoretical literature, the theoretical basis of statistical measurement of social governance capacity modernization is constructed, and five observation dimensions are formed, including social collaborative participation, legal guarantee implementation ability, rational allocation of resources, social service improvement ability and scientific and technological innovation support ability, as well as 12 sub-dimensions of the lower level, forming a theoretical framework for the modernization measurement of social governance capacity. Based on this, the index system of social governance capacity modernization measurement in Shaanxi Province was constructed, and the regional social governance capacity modernization development index and regional difference measurement tool based on the TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) model based on the Critic method and the entropy weight method were designed. The results show that the modernization level of social governance capacity in Shaanxi Province has been improving year by year, and the ability to rationally allocate resources is the most important, followed by the ability to improve social services. The inter-regional social governance capacity in various regions of Shaanxi Province is characterized by "high in the middle and low at both ends". Finally, some suggestions are put forward for the modernization of social governance capacity in Shaanxi Province.