Based on the relevant statistical data of Anhui Province from 2005 to 2018, the influencing factors of industrial water consumption are decomposed into output effect, structural effect and technical effect. Based on the water consumption coefficient and LMDI-I (logarithmic mean Divisia index complete decomposition method), the dynamic deduction of industrial water consumption in Anhui Province is analyzed. It is found that the water consumption coefficient of industrial industries above designated size in Anhui province fluctuates during the sample period. However, the water consumption of the whole industry is relatively stable. During the study period, the total effect was positive in most periods, and the industrial water consumption in Anhui Province showed an upward trend in fluctuation. Among them, the output effect intensifies the industrial water consumption, the technical effect can restrain the increase of industrial water consumption in most years, while the influence of structural effect on industrial water consumption is unstable, showing the law of restraining and promoting alternate distribution.