Based on the panel data of 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2014 to 2021, an evaluation index system for the development of the digital economy is constructed. The entropy weight TOPSIS (technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution)method is used to calculate the comprehensive development index of the digital economy. Then, a benchmark regression model, spatial econometric model, and intermediary effect model are combined to explore the impact of the digital economy on the energy efficiency of the logistics industry. The results showed that during the research period, the average level of digital economy development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and various regions showed a steady upward trend, and the average level of digital economy development in the basin showed a spatial difference characteristic of downstream>upstream>midstream. There is a positive spatial spillover effect on the energy efficiency of the logistics industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The digital economy has a significant positive promoting effect on the improvement of energy efficiency in the local logistics industry, but the promoting effect on the energy efficiency of the logistics industry in the surrounding areas is not yet significant. The analysis of regional heterogeneity shows that the promoting effect of the digital economy on energy efficiency in the logistics industry is gradually decreasing from downstream to upstream to midstream. The intermediary effect results show that the digital economy can promote the improvement of energy efficiency in the logistics industry through technological innovation, rationalization of the logistics industry structure, and upgrading of the logistics industry structure. Based on the above conclusions, countermeasures and suggestions are proposed to promote the development of digital economy and the improvement of energy efficiency in the logistics industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.