In order to explore the influencing factors of development potential of technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises, based on the survey data of TS city, the structural equation model is used to analyze the influence of external development environment, enterprise innovation ability, enterprise resource strength and enterprise organization ability on the development potential of technology-based small and medium-sized enterprises. The results show that external development environment, enterprise innovation ability, enterprise resource strength and enterprise organization ability all have a positive impact on the development potential of technology-based smessignificantly, and enterprise innovation ability is the most important factor. Accordingly, relevant measures and suggestions are put forward to enhance the development potential of small and medium-sized technology-based enterprises.