Based on the panel data of 16 cities in Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle from 2011 to 2019, the relationship between the development level of digital economy and the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure is explored by using fixed effect and mediation effect regression models.The results show that :the development level of digital economy has a significant positive effect on the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle.Technological innovation and human capital structure have significant partial mediating effect on the development level of digital economy, which affects the advanced industrial structure and rationalization of industrial structure. Based on the the conclusions, some policies and suggestions are put forward to promote the development of digital economy and the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle.