Guizhou Province is one of the provinces with the richest mineral resources. While unreasonable mining of mineral resources and accumulation of slag have resulted in varying degrees of pollution in the surrounding soil and associated ecological and environmental problems. Taking the polluted soil around the lead factory tailings mine in Pu'an County, Guizhou Province as the research object, through detailed on-site investigation and sampling the soil to test the content of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel and other elements, the soil in the research area was found out the characteristics and distribution of pollution sources. The research result shows that: No hazardous waste was found in the study area, and the waste residue in the area belongs to Class II solid waste. The soil pollution methods mainly include toxic and hazardous substances and pollutants storage, spreading and migration caused by spillage and Pollution caused by dry and wet deposition.The total carcinogenic risk of all exposure pathways of arsenic in the soil is greater than 10-6, the total hazard index of arsenic is greater than 1, and some points exceed the control value of soil pollution risk for the second type of land. There are certain risks. The results of the study provide a reference for the research on the modification of contaminated soil and risk management and control measures.