In order to promote the development of China's biomass energy industry and solve the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution, this paper used the method of patent analysis to analyze development status of China's biomass thermochemical conversion technology from the perspective of patent application trends, technology life cycle, application area and technical field, and summarized the development route of biomass thermochemical conversion technology. The results show that the number of patent applications for biomass thermochemical conversion technology in China has grown rapidly in recent years. Although the sub-technologies such as gasification, pyrolysis, and liquefaction are not developed equally, they all show great potential for development. Provide a reference for the docking with the industry.